Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and urinary incontinence are common problems experienced by women of all ages. With the publication of Seizing the opportunity to improve patient care: Pelvic floor services in 2021 and beyond (Pelvic Floor Society, 2021) comes recognition of how common pelvic floor disorders are but how little investment has been put into these services. Such publications highlight the need for services to be provided which encourage women to come forward to be assessed and treated. This article, the first in a two-part series, discusses the signs and symptoms of POP and urinary incontinence. It details important issues to consider and remember when assessing a patient with either of these conditions in primary care. The second article will explore treatment options which should be started in primary care before considering onward referral.