Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained adult cardiac arrhythmia with over one million people diagnosed with AF in the UK (Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2014; Information Services Division [ISD] Scotland, 2015; Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, 2015; Stats Wales, 2015). This is the second article of two that discusses the need to improve the management of AF in primary care. ‘Part 1’ considered case identification and the assessment and management of AF-related stroke risk. ‘Part 2’ addresses optimum heart rate control and how this might be achieved, patient education and utilising audit tools to improve the quality of AF management in primary care.