Disorders affecting the brain cover a wide spectrum of conditions and many increase in incidence and prevalence with older age. Their symptoms are variable affecting each individual person differently, with some diseases following a progressive pattern. In these instances, as progression occurs, symptoms may impact on family and friends, as well as having a significant effect on the health and wellbeing of those affected. This article, the second of a two-part series on brain diseases, covers Parkinson’s disease, brain tumours, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis (MS). Signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and management and prognosis are explored, with the aim of giving general practice nurses (GPNs) and non-medical prescribers more knowledge and confidence in advising and supporting patients affected by any of the diseases discussed.